Talking about the types of fuel cells

At present, the types of fuel cells mainly include the following:

First, phosphate fuel cell

Phosphate fuel cells are the first type of fuel cells, and the process is basically mature. The United States and Japan have built commercial power plants of 4,500 kW and 11 000 kW, respectively. The fuel cell has an operating temperature of 200 ° C, a maximum current density of 150 mA / cm 2 , a power generation efficiency of about 45%, a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol, and an oxidant for air, but the catalyst is a platinum series. The cost is still high, about 40 to 50 cents per kilowatt hour.

Second, melted carbonate fuel cell

The molten carbonate fuel cell is generally called the second generation fuel cell, and its operating temperature is about 650 ° C, and the power generation efficiency is about 55%. Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan has built a power plant of 10 kilowatts. The electrolyte of the fuel cell is liquid, and can withstand the presence of carbon monoxide due to its high operating temperature. The fuel can be hydrogen, carbon monoxide, natural gas or the like. The oxidant uses air. The cost of generating electricity can be less than 40 cents per kilowatt hour.

Third, solid oxide fuel cell

The solid oxide fuel cell is considered to be a third-generation fuel cell. Its operating temperature is about 1000 °C, and the power generation efficiency can exceed 60%. Currently, many countries are studying it. It is suitable for the construction of large-scale power stations. Westinghouse is developing. .

In addition, there are several types of fuel cells, such as alkaline fuel cells, operating at temperatures of about 200 ° C, power generation efficiency of up to 60%, and without the use of precious metals as a catalyst, Sweden has developed a 200 kW device for submarines. The first small fuel cell used in the United States for the Apollo spacecraft is called the US type. It is an ion exchange membrane fuel cell. It has a power generation efficiency of up to 75% and an operating temperature of less than 100 ° C, but pure oxygen is required as an oxidant. Later, the United States developed a fuel cell for a hydrogen-powered car. It can be charged with a hydrogen supply of 300 kilometers and a speed of up to 100 kilometers per hour. This is a reversible proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a power generation efficiency of up to 80%.

The ideal fuel for a fuel cell is hydrogen because it is the reverse reaction of electrolysis to produce hydrogen. The main use of fuel cells is particularly suitable for mobile power and the power of vehicles and ships, in addition to the establishment of fixed power stations.

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