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To solve environmental problems, the first thing that needs to be paid attention to is the reclamation work. Reduce land occupation and reduce pollution through reclamation. In the Tangshan area, the tailings reclamation process was studied, and the tailings were incorporated into the process, so that mining, selection, drainage, reclaimed soil and vegetation formed a more complete cycle of mining reclamation operations. After four years of re-exploration test in four reclamation modes, 1345.9hm 2 was reclaimed in the small and medium-sized iron ore mines in Tangshan, the reclamation rate reached 30.26%, the economic benefit of reclamation was 15.5 million yuan, and the annual planting benefit was 196,000 yuan. This test provided a technical approach for the Anshan-type iron ore dump, tailings smelting and reclamation. [next]
Secondly, research on the comprehensive utilization of waste rock or tailings should be carried out. Many iron ore mines in China are comprehensive deposits, and waste rock or tailings often contain many useful components. Recycling and extracting these useful components not only provides economic benefits, but also reduces the environmental pollution of waste rock and tailings. Panzhihua Iron ore annual output of 13.5 million t, while iron ore tailings and from the recovery of a variety of useful vanadium, titanium, cobalt, scandium and rare metals. The value of iron accounts for only 38.6% of the total value of ore, while the value of vanadium pentoxide, sulphur-cobalt concentrate, titanium concentrate, cerium oxide and other products recovered from tailings accounts for more than 60%. Another example is the Meishan Iron Mine, which is a large underground mining iron ore with concentrated concentration, large reserves and high grade, with an annual output of 2 million tons of iron ore. Since the ore contains about 2.5% sulfur, the sintering ingredients are directly processed, causing the pollution of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere and the large area damage to the farmland, and affecting the quality of the sintered ore. Shanghai Meishan Metallurgical Co., Ltd. makes full use of the resource advantages of the mine to produce sulfuric acid from the by-product by-product sulfur-sulphur concentrate as a good way to carry out comprehensive utilization and deep processing and improve economic benefits. Using the advantages of beneficiation itself, the roasting waste residue is turned into iron concentrate with high iron content for sintering; using its discharged wastewater as the supplementary water for the beneficiation circulating water, the "three wastes" are digested in the production process, turning waste into treasure. Turn harm into profit. Due to the selection of the “two-to-two-suction†process, the tail gas emission is lower than the national standard, and the produced sulfuric acid product meets the national first-class product quality standard. According to the annual output of 20,000 tons of sulfuric acid, it can produce 21,000 tons of sulfuric acid slag. The annual economic benefit of sulfuric acid slag alone is 2.31 million yuan.
Mines with serious environmental pollution must be treated, necessary measures must be taken to purchase and update necessary environmental protection equipment. At present, the common problem in this respect is that the environmental protection funds are insufficient, and the old enterprises have too many environmental protection debts. For example, in Maanshan, in the 38 years since the city was built, more than 80 million tons of steel were produced, and profits and taxes were paid 6 billion yuan, while environmental protection investment was owed 2 billion yuan.
In the future, resource development and environmental protection should be coordinated. In the process of new construction, expansion and reconstruction, enterprises must strictly implement the “three simultaneous†to avoid the emergence of new sources of pollution. When formulating economic and social development plans, an area must follow the three-synchronous policy of “economic construction, urban and rural construction, simultaneous environmental planning, simultaneous implementation, and simultaneous developmentâ€.
Steel industry is a pillar industry in China, many cities or heavy industrial base, such as Anshan (Angang), Panzhihua (Panzhihua Iron and Steel), Maanshan (Magang), etc., are around the iron and steel industry to develop. Since iron ore mines and steel plants are often large in scale, wide in scope and large in population, the corresponding environmental problems are very prominent. For example, the leading industry in Maanshan City is the steel production industry, which accounts for more than 65% of the city's output. However, for every 1 t of steel produced, nearly 20,000 m 3 of exhaust gas, 50 tons of waste water, and 4 tons of industrial solid waste are discharged. According to statistics, the development of large and medium-sized iron ore in Tangshan covers an area of ​​5280.6hm 2 , of which open-pit mining covers an area of ​​1127.8hm 2 , the quarry covers an area of ​​1939.3hm2, and the tailings field is 650.2hm 2 . Iron ore mining destruction of arable land 1357.9hm 2, woodland 490.5hm 2, grass 47.8hm 2, mine water discharge per year 6,161,200 t, wash dressing wastewater 19,342,000 t. Mountain ecology is inherently fragile, and destruction of vegetation inevitably leads to soil erosion and the risk of mudslides in these areas.