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Such as oil refining equipment. The largest refinery is 36.4 million tons / year (Virgin Islands in the Caribbean), 30 million tons / year (Venezuela). At present, there are nearly 30 refineries with a capacity of 20 million tons/year; the processing capacity of the largest unit refinery and pressure reduction unit reaches 24 million tons/year, the catalytic cracking unit reaches 8.24 million tons/year, and the hydrocracking unit reaches 3.2 million tons/ year. The large size of the device forced the valve to become larger and larger, and the control method began to develop in the direction of automation.
In recent years, long-distance pipelines have developed rapidly. The main reason is that the cost is low, which is only equivalent to 1/3 of railway transportation. Second, it is buried in the ground and is not easy to damage. Third, pipeline construction is fast and investment is saved. Therefore, the demand for long-distance pipeline valves has increased significantly in recent years. The maximum unit capacity of the power generation equipment is 130,000 kW for the two-axis thermal power unit, 1.2 million kW for the single-axis thermal power unit, and 1.3 million kW for the largest nuclear power unit.
The maximum slab gate valve diameter of the valve matched with these complete sets of equipment reaches 1620mm, 2000mm; the maximum butterfly valve diameter is 9750mm; the maximum ball valve diameter is 3050mm, which does not count as the weight of the drive valve reaches 184 tons; the maximum water gate valve diameter is 2750mm, the pressure reaches 9MPa.
The economic effects of large-scale equipment are summarized as follows: first, to improve production efficiency, second, to reduce infrastructure investment, and third, to reduce the consumption of raw materials. Compared with 1 million tons of refining equipment with an annual processing capacity of 5 million tons, the investment per ton of production capacity is reduced by 50%. Compared with two 3 million tons/year refineries, a 6 million tonne/year refinery has an investment of only 69% of the latter, 53% of steel consumption, 54% of floor space, and 75% of production costs. Labor productivity has increased to 170%.
Due to the increasing level of automation of complete sets of equipment, the main production processes of foreign petrochemical enterprises have achieved direct digital control, and some have achieved computerized hierarchical control. Chemical companies such as synthetic ammonia, urea, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber and synthetic plastics generally implement patrol detection and alarm, and some enterprises have already realized partial automation control.
At present, foreign large-scale generator sets of more than 200,000 kW are generally developed to computer control; nuclear power plants are generally controlled by computers; long-distance pipeline systems are controlled by computers in many countries, and equipped with microwave communication systems. The total control room only needs two or three duty personnel. You can monitor the whole work situation through TV.
With the improvement of various types of complete sets of equipment, process and performance, the series of foreign valves are still increasing, and many new varieties of valves have appeared in recent years. Such as: emergency shut-off valve, quick-opening valve, fire damper, anti-static valve, temperature reducing pressure reducing valve, butterfly check valve, pressure relief valve, vacuum jacket valve, water cooling or air cooling valve, safety gate valve, safety shut-off valve A variety of new valves, including ball valves, butterfly valves and slab gate valves in the universal valve are the fastest growing valve varieties in 20 years.
With the development of large-scale foreign complete sets of technology, a series of new sets of equipment and stand-alone machines have emerged. The development of new types of equipment related to valves is characterized by large-scale, high-parameterization, high-performance automation and complete sets, which are compatible with the control methods of these complete sets of equipment. In the past 20 years, the control methods of foreign valves have also developed greatly. In addition to general manual, motorized, electric, pneumatic, hydraulic transmission, the variety of valves for electro-hydraulic linkage, gas-liquid linkage, and automatic control is increasing, and there is a trend of further development.